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Miniature ecosystems, self-contained in small, often transparent vessels, showcase the principles of biology on a condensed scale. These closed environments, sometimes referred to as terrariums or ecospheres, frequently feature plant life as the primary producer, driving the internal cycles of energy and nutrient exchange. An example would be a sealed jar containing small plants, soil, and perhaps invertebrates, where the plants photosynthesize, generating oxygen and consuming carbon dioxide, while the microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing nutrients back into the soil.

The significance of these miniature environments lies in their demonstration of ecological balance and sustainability. They provide accessible models for understanding complex interactions within larger ecosystems. Historically, their creation has served as a valuable tool in education, offering a tangible and observable representation of natural processes. Their long-term stability highlights the potential for self-sufficiency and resource management, principles applicable to various fields, including sustainable agriculture and space exploration.

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